The Canadian Health Measures Survey reveals that more people in Canada are receiving treatment for hyperlipidemia. However, levels of treatment and control are still relatively low. This is also true in Russia, where the prevalence varies widely depending on the city and medical center. In Moscow, for example, 6-25 % of men and 20-79 % of women are prescribed medication. In Novosibirsk, however, 0-48 % of men and 39 % of women receive these medications.
Statins
Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs that block the activity of an enzyme that produces triglycerides and LDL cholesterol. They are used to reduce levels of bad cholesterol and increase levels of good cholesterol in the blood. In the US alone, seven different statins are approved by the FDA. Sales of these drugs total $30 billion per year. But despite their success, statins are also very expensive, requiring lifetime use for millions of people.
Although statins do reduce the risk of dying of heart disease, there is no single guideline that determines the appropriate dose and duration of treatment. The 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines differ from the recommendations of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the UK. More recently, the US Preventative Services Task Force released guidelines on the use of statins in patients without symptoms of cardiovascular disease.
Diet
Hyperlipidemia is a condition associated with increased cholesterol levels. It is a common cause of heart disease, stroke, and other vascular problems. It is the leading cause of death among both men and women. As a result, prevention and treatment are top priorities for public health campaigns. A diet that lowers cholesterol levels can be an important part of the management of hyperlipidemia.
A diet rich in heart-healthy fats can help reduce cholesterol levels. People with hyperlipidemia are twice as likely to experience heart attack or stroke than people with normal cholesterol levels. However, hyperlipidemia is typically treatable and emergency events can often be avoided. Fortunately, statins can lower cholesterol levels and improve heart health.
Physical activity
Physical activity has been shown to improve many conditions, including hyperlipidemia. This common disease is caused by abnormal lipid metabolism in the body. Serum lipid concentrations are elevated, which is dangerous for the body. It has become increasingly common in recent years, and there are many factors that contribute to the high prevalence of hyperlipidemia. Several different types of exercise have been shown to lower serum lipid concentrations.
The American Heart Association has published a new scientific statement highlighting the role of physical activity in treating hyperlipidemia. It describes the health benefits of physical activity and provides guidance for clinicians. The statement also emphasizes the role of lifestyle-only interventions for patients with elevated cholesterol and blood pressure.
Angiopoietin-like 3
Angiopoietin like 3 (ANGPTL3) regulates lipid metabolism. It also regulates podocyte motility and alters the expression of nephrin, which is involved in proteinuria. Studies in patients with hyperlipidemia found high ANGPTL3 expression. This protein may be involved in the relationship between hyperlipidemia and proteinuria.
The ANGPTL3 family of proteins are thought to modulate lipid metabolism and are potential targets for the treatment of dyslipidaemia. Inhibition of ANGPTL3 inhibits lipoprotein lipase, a major enzyme responsible for triglyceride-rich lipoprotein secretion. Loss of this gene is associated with decreased risk of coronary artery disease and dyslipidemia. Researchers are exploring the possibility of inhibiting ANGPTL3 with monoclonal antibodies or antisense oligonucleotides.
PCSK9 inhibitors
PCSK9 inhibitors for treatment of hypercholesterolemia may represent a valuable therapeutic alternative for patients who are statin-resistant or have a history of hyperlipidemia. However, the evidence for this therapeutic option is limited. Although a few studies have demonstrated potential safety and efficacy in patients with a genetic risk of hypercholesterolemia, more clinical trials are needed to assess its effectiveness.
PCSK9 inhibitors are given via subcutaneous injection or self-administration. While they are generally well-tolerated, some patients have reported mild or severe side effects, including itching, common colds, and more serious allergic reactions. These side effects usually do not prevent patients from continuing their treatment.
Other lipid-lowering agents
Lipid-lowering drugs are a mainstay of cardiovascular care. They lower levels of LDL and triglycerides while boosting HDL levels. Statins are often the first choice, but other medications may be prescribed to augment their effectiveness. Fibrates can lower levels of triglycerides by 50 percent and increase HDL by five to 20 percent. However, these drugs have poorer clinical outcomes. They may be useful for secondary prevention or for patients who are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
Statins are the most widely prescribed hypolipidemic agents, but a growing number of patients fail to respond to statin therapy or develop a range of side effects. Therefore, non-statin alternatives are essential for treating hyperlipidemia. These drugs can help patients further lower LDL-C levels and reduce their risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke.